Here are the full logs
Your input -> change trip type to one way
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.tracker_store - Recreating tracker for id 'default'
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING root - Could not parse timestamp c48f94f19ced46718dfdb1cb77cf9ef5. Instead current UTC time will be passed to duckling. Error: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'c48f94f19ced46718dfdb1cb77cf9ef5'
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Received user message 'change trip type to one way' with intent '{'name': 'change_trip_type', 'confidence': 0.24059756913673983}' and entities '[{'start': 20, 'end': 27, 'value': 'one way', 'entity': 'trip_type', 'confidence': 0.9736422292523272, 'extractor': 'CRFEntityExtractor'}, {'start': 20, 'end': 23, 'text': 'one', 'value': 1, 'confidence': 1.0, 'additional_info': {'value': 1, 'type': 'value'}, 'entity': 'number', 'extractor': 'DucklingHTTPExtractor'}]'
/home/eugen/venv-rasa-1.7.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rasa/utils/common.py:351: UserWarning: Interpreter parsed an entity 'number' which is not defined in the domain. Please make sure all entities are listed in the domain.
More info at https://rasa.com/docs/rasa/core/domains/
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Current slot values:
adults: 1
cabin_type: economy
children: 0
contact_method: test@gmail.com
departure_date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00
destination: Paris
infants: 0
origin: Moldova
requested_slot: None
return_date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
total_passengers: None
trip_type: one way
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Logged UserUtterance - tracker now has 57 events.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_number' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.fallback - NLU confidence 0.24059756913673983 is lower than NLU threshold 0.60.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback - User 'default' has to affirm intent 'change_trip_type'.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_2_TwoStageFallbackPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'action_default_ask_affirmation' with confidence 1.00.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'action_default_ask_affirmation' ended with events '[BotUttered('Did you mean 'change_trip_type'?', {"elements": null, "quick_replies": null, "buttons": [{"title": "Yes", "payload": "/change_trip_type"}, {"title": "No", "payload": "/out_of_scope"}], "attachment": null, "image": null, "custom": null}, {}, 1583476346.4229012)]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Current slot values:
adults: 1
cabin_type: economy
children: 0
contact_method: test@gmail.com
departure_date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00
destination: Paris
infants: 0
origin: Moldova
requested_slot: None
return_date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
total_passengers: None
trip_type: one way
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_number' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_number' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}, {'prev_action_default_ask_affirmation': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_default_ask_affirmation': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.mapping_policy - There is no mapped action for the predicted intent, 'change_trip_type'.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_2_TwoStageFallbackPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'action_listen' with confidence 1.00.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'action_listen' ended with events '[]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:26 DEBUG rasa.core.lock_store - Deleted lock for conversation 'default'.
? Did you mean 'change_trip_type'? 1: Yes (/change_trip_type)
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.tracker_store - Recreating tracker for id 'default'
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Received user message '/change_trip_type' with intent '{'name': 'change_trip_type', 'confidence': 1.0}' and entities '[]'
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Logged UserUtterance - tracker now has 61 events.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_number' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_number' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}, {'prev_action_default_ask_affirmation': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_trip_type': 1.0, 'entity_number': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_0': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback - User 'default' affirmed intent 'change_trip_type'
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_2_TwoStageFallbackPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'action_revert_fallback_events' with confidence 1.00.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'action_revert_fallback_events' ended with events '[<rasa.core.events.UserUtteranceReverted object at 0x7f9fdc0a2da0>, <rasa.core.events.UserUtteranceReverted object at 0x7f9fdc0d87f0>, <rasa.core.events.ActionExecuted object at 0x7f9fdc083390>, <rasa.core.events.UserUttered object at 0x7f9fdc0a4cf8>]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Current slot values:
adults: 1
cabin_type: economy
children: 0
contact_method: test@gmail.com
departure_date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00
destination: Paris
infants: 0
origin: Moldova
requested_slot: None
return_date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
total_passengers: None
trip_type: round trip
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback - NLU confidence threshold met, confidence of fallback action set to core threshold (0.3).
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_0_EmbeddingPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'action_change_form_slots' with confidence 0.98.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.actions.action - Calling action endpoint to run action 'action_change_form_slots'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'action_change_form_slots' ended with events '[]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Current slot values:
adults: 1
cabin_type: economy
children: 0
contact_method: test@gmail.com
departure_date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00
destination: Paris
infants: 0
origin: Moldova
requested_slot: None
return_date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
total_passengers: None
trip_type: round trip
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_change_form_slots': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_change_form_slots': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback - NLU confidence threshold met, confidence of fallback action set to core threshold (0.3).
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.mapping_policy - There is no mapped action for the predicted intent, 'change_trip_type'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_0_EmbeddingPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'utter_ask_form_confirmed' with confidence 0.97.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'utter_ask_form_confirmed' ended with events '[BotUttered('Is this right?
You requested a round trip search from Moldova to Paris in economy class
Departure date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00; Return date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
Adults: 1; Children: 0; Infants: 0
You will be contacted at test@gmail.com', {"elements": null, "quick_replies": null, "buttons": null, "attachment": null, "image": null, "custom": null}, {}, 1583476354.2795367)]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 WARNING rasa.core.featurizers - Feature 'entity_GPE' could not be found in feature map.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [{'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_action_prefill_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_flight_info_form': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'entity_direction_from': 1.0, 'intent_request_flight_info': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'entity_GPE': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_listen': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'prev_action_change_form_slots': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0, 'intent_change_trip_type': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Launch DeLorean...
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - Current tracker state [None, None, None, None, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0}, {'slot_cabin_type_0': 1.0, 'slot_trip_type_1': 1.0, 'prev_utter_ask_form_confirmed': 1.0}]
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.memoization - There is no memorised next action
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.two_stage_fallback - NLU confidence threshold met, confidence of fallback action set to core threshold (0.3).
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.form_policy - There is no active form
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.mapping_policy - There is no mapped action for the predicted intent, 'change_trip_type'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.policies.ensemble - Predicted next action using policy_0_EmbeddingPolicy
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Predicted next action 'action_listen' with confidence 0.99.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.processor - Action 'action_listen' ended with events '[]'.
2020-03-06 06:32:34 DEBUG rasa.core.lock_store - Deleted lock for conversation 'default'.
Is this right?
You requested a round trip search from Moldova to Paris in economy class
Departure date: 2020-03-09T00:00:00.000-07:00; Return date: 2020-04-05T00:00:00.000-07:00
Adults: 1; Children: 0; Infants: 0
You will be contacted at test@gmail.com
Your input ->